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What is HTML 5 and How Will it Effect Video Streaming Over the Internet? HTML stands for Hyper Text Mark-up Language and it is used to define the layout of a web page. Web pages are comprised of HTML 'tags' or elements that tell your browser what the different areas of your webpage are. You can use these elements to define paragraph areas, images and their dimensions and also font sizes, colours and styles etc. There are many HTML elements and a lot of these have varying attributes like width, height, name etc. This article will not focus on specific HTML elements; our aim is to give you a brief overview of HTML before moving on to how it has developed into HTML 5. HTML came to life at the end of 1990. The original HTML, developed by Sir Tim Berners-Lee, comprised of about 20 elements which were strongly influenced by SGML, Standard Generalized Mark-up Language (The only exception to this was the hyperlink tag that allows links to be placed in web pages). As the internet became more widespread, users demanded more functionality. This meant a huge development in browser technology and also in HTML. In fact HTML was developed to version 4.01 before evolving into XHTML which incorporates HTML 4.01 and XML (Extensible Mark-up Language). With HTML 5 a lot more emphasis has been put on the use of 'Cascading style sheets'. This means HTML programmers can no longer depend on using 'tags' like to style text with colour, size and font type. This now has to be done using 'Cascading style sheets' or CSS. The use of CSS means, for example, the text style on a website can be updated or changed with one small change in the CSS rather than having to update or change every tag in every page. In fact the and tags have been completely dropped. A lot more importance has been placed on the use of 'JavaScript' and other client side programming languages that run in the visitor's browser. This style of creating website pages is now highly encouraged. This is known as DOM scripting or Document Object Model scripting. The DOM or Document Object Model is a representation of how your browser structures the page you are looking at. In the browser everything is seen as an object that can be manipulated in some way by a client side scripting language such as JavaScript. A simple example of this is to have a background image with a ball moving over the top of it. In the DOM these are known as layers. HTML 5 also introduces various new elements such as , used to define navigation areas and used to define an area at the bottom of a page that will be used as a footer. This article will focus more on the multimedia elements and . The HTML 5 and elements are a fantastic way of standardising audio and video over the internet. This has been a long time coming. With so many operating systems being used to browse the internet it can be hard to decide what format to use. If we encode a video as a Windows Media File, WMV, it will not play on a Mac unless that user downloads a certain player or plug-in. The same can be said for encoding a video as a QuickTime file, it will play on a Mac but not on a Windows operating system unless a player is downloaded. And now we have so many variations of Linux operating systems being used, choosing an audio or video format that will play on all visitors' computers is a next to impossible task. The and elements in HTML 5 will make choosing multimedia formats a lot easier. We will probably use the OGG format for audio as it is completely open source and patent-free. This format is very similar to MP3, AAC and VQF. We will probably use the H.264 format for video. This format has already been adopted by Adobe and so can be used in Flash based players. An example of this is YouTube.com. They can now offer HD video online because they have used the H.264 standard. What is interesting about this is that visitors using Windows, Mac, Unix and Linux can view YouTube.com videos without having to download a new player. All that is needed is the Flash plug-in, which is on most internet browsing computers. With the HTML 5 tag we will no longer have to depend on Adobe Flash Media player to play H.264 video as a cross platform solution. So, how will HTML 5 effect video streaming over the internet? It will make video streaming over the internet much easier as the element takes away the need to know high level scripting languages such as JavaScript and Action Script 3, it will not be platform dependent and website publishers will be able to relax knowing their video content will be viewable to all their visitors.
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