Categories Of Coral Bells Part Ii – Groups 2 Through 6
In the book, Heuchera, Tiarella, and Heucherella: A gardener's guide, by expert Coral Bells breeders Charles and Martha Oliver, there are 5 groups listed for Heuchera based on how they should be used in the garden. For this article series, I am going to use the same 5 groups suggested by the Olivers with some slight changes and I am going to add ‘cut flowers' as an additional group. Including that, the six Heuchera groups are:
1) Garden Heuchera
2) Alpine Garden Heuchera
3) Rock Garden Heuchera
4) Naturalizing Heuchera
5) Collector's Item Heuchera
6) Cut flower Heuchera
The Garden group (1) has been discussed in a previous article in this series.
The alpine group (2) includes those species and cultivars that have a very small stature and are suited for high altitude, open, alpine environments. Many of these are species are native to the western U.S. in the rocky mountains. They are natural crevice dwellers that form small mats of attractive overlapping rosettes. They would be lost in a normal garden setting but are well suited to raised rock garden beds and troughs. Most of these are cold hardy perennials in the northeast U.S. but are not going to do well in the humidity of the south. Some of these species are native to warm, arid regions of the U.S. such as Southern California and New Mexico. Species in this group include Heuchera abramsii, Heuchera alpestris, Heuchera bracteata, Heuchera elegans, Heuchera glabra, Heuchera grossularifolia, Heuchera hallii, Heuchera hirsutissima, Heuchera merriamii, Heuchera parishii, Heuchera parviflora, Heuchera pulchella, amd Heuchera rubescens. Breeders have made many selections within the alpine group including the San Pico hybrids, the Petite Series, and the Canyon series as well as several individual cultivars such as ‘Matfair', ‘Constance', ‘Troy Boy', and ‘Chiquita'.
The rock garden group (3) are larger than the alpine group but prefer much sharper drainage than the bedding types. This group includes the larger selections of the species and hybrids than in the alpine group. The rock garden group prefers sites protected from hot sun, even in northern gardens. Some of these prefer the moist environment of the Pacific Northwest (Heuchera micrantha). A few of these (Heuchera alba, Heuchera americana var. hispida, Heuchera longiflora, Heuchera pubescens) are native to southern states like North Carolina, Virginia and West Virginia. Some of these are native to California and are not very cold hardy (Heuchera pilosissima). Others in this group are Heuchera cylindrica, and Heuchera sanguinea var. pulchra. There are many hybrids and cultivars in this group such as ‘Coral Boquet', ‘Chiqui', ‘Martha Roderick', ‘Painted Lady', ‘Ruffles', ‘Ridges', ‘Krinkles' and ‘Emperor's Cloak'.
The naturalizing Heuchera (4) are typically quite large (for a Heuchera) and spread slowly around the garden by re-seeding themselves. But they remain true to type. Heuchera americana is native to the eastern U.S. and survives well in deep woods, rock crevices, and moist banks. Some selections have been made for their nice leaf color but as they spread around the garden the seedling leaf color will vary. Cultivar ‘Garnet' has purple leaves while Dale's Strain (a seed strain) has silver patterning. The cultivars ‘Eco magnififolia', ‘Green Spice' and ‘Beauty Color' have maroon hints. One western U.S. species Heuchera maxima is a nice naturalizer but is not cold hardy. Heuchera villosa has very large leaves and the purple-leaved cultivar ‘Palace Purple' makes a decent seed strain in the garden. Other good purple-leaved naturalizing cultivars are ‘We-Du Special' and ‘Molly Bush'. Two bronze-leaved naturalizing cultivars are ‘Bressingham Bronze' and ‘Bronze Wave'. A midwestern prarie native species Heuchera richardsonii is very deep rooted with hairy leaves and a slender stature.
The collector's item group (5) is called the sports/mutations group in the Oliver book. These are rare and usually have a weak form that cannot survive without extreme pampering. Occasionally an easy to grow sport will arise that has some garden merit. Due to their unusual appearance, they make good specimen plants. Mutations can arise as branch sports, as seedling mutations, or as tissue-culture-induced sports. Usually, Heuchera sports have sectoral variegation or stripes/stippling on the leaves. These traits are not passed on to progeny by seed. Sometimes, a sport arises that makes the entire leaf a pale color and this is often passed on to its progeny. Occasionally, distorted leaves (e.g., cupped, frilled) or abnormal flowers will arise that have ornamental merit. Some of the better sports have been placed on the market by the big Heuchera breeders. Cultivars with white variegation include: ‘Coral Splash', ‘Frosty', ‘Monet', ‘Snow Storm', ‘Splish Splash', ‘Hailstorm', ‘Snow Angel'. Yellow leaved mutations include: ‘Gold Dust', ‘Lime Rickey', ‘Key Lime Pie'. Red- or bronze-leaved mutations include ‘Mardi Gras', ‘Peachy Keen', ‘Amber Waves', ‘Marmalade', and ‘Caramel'. One commercial cultivar has extreme feather-like leaves and is called ‘Peacock Feathers'.
The cut-flower group (6) is not mentioned in the Oliver book. Most of the garden Heuchera (group 1) produce stems that make nice, long-lasting cut flowers. In the past, Heuchera were bred for the cut flower market as well as the garden market. Heuchera flowers come in a variety of colors including greenish-white, white, pink, crimson, scarlet, and red. In particular, ‘Ruby Bells', ‘Bressingham', ‘Fireworks', ‘Splendens', and ‘Paris' make good cut flowers. Heuchera must reach a particular size or maturity before they will produce flower buds. This mature size can be reached in as little as 10 weeks in a greenhouse if the conditions are ideal. In order to achieve complete flowering, Heuchera require a period of growth in cold temperatures (12 weeks at 41°F or below). Once they are mature and their cold-requirement has been satisfied, Heuchera will produce flowers roughly 6 to 9 weeks after the temperatures rise above the mid-60's. Greenhouse growers can force mature crops of Heuchera to bloom year round simply by putting mature Heuchera into well-lit coolers. The vase life of Heuchera cut flowers is longest if they are harvested when 2-3% of the flowers are open and showing pollen (a.k.a. anthesis) and the flowers are given a 4 hour treatment with the anti-ethylene chemical, silver thiosulfate (STS) (4mM concentration) and then placed into a 0.5% sucrose solution (19 parts water, 1 part table sugar). A Heuchera cut flower may last from 5 to 16 days if treated this way. The colorful Coral Bells leaves also last a long time in a vase when cut.
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