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Canna Culture Part I – Planting And Environmental Requirements Canna Planting and Siting Canna have several uses in the perennial garden. They are summer perennials and should be located where they will have a visual impact at the height of summer. The purple-leaved Cannas are incredibly exotic, but look better planted individually instead of in groups. However, the green-leaved Cannas look great as both a speciman plant or in a large group. Most Cannas are tall and need to be placed at the back of a bed, but there are some dwarf Cannas that will look good at the front of the border. Here at our garden nursery, we combine Cannas with spring bulbs, Baptisia, daylilies, coneflowers, Cupheas, and ornamental grasses. Cannas are 55mph plants and can be located in areas that can be seen by drivers. Although they are a hardy perennial (to Zone 8), they impart a wonderful tropical feel to any garden. All in all, Cannas are very versatile flowering perennials. Cannas are well behaved in temperate gardens but can be aggressive in tropical gardens. Canna rhizomes should be planted 4-5” deep after the last frost date and should not be planted after September north of Zone 8. Potted Cannas should be planted at the same level they were in the pot. A good rhizome will have 3 or more eyes on it. Cannas are semi-tropical or tropical plants in nature. They have been bred for improved cold tolerance, but north of USDA Zone 8, they should be given some winter protection. Site them along a south facing wall or other heat-retaining structure. Cannas are generally not bothered by high winds and do not need wind protection. Cannas form wide clumps so individual plants should be spaced 2-3' apart. Temperature Cannas are root hardy perennials in places where the soil does not freeze. They can survive air temperatures down to 0ºF. They like really hot temperatures in the summer and perform well into the upper 90's. Most garden Cannas are UDSA Zone 7 or 8 plants. Sun In their native habitat, Cannas grow in shaded locations. However, in temperate gardens Cannas need full sun. The more sun, the better. In the extreme southern U.S., the intense sunlight may bleach the flowers. Partial shade may help in these locations. Cultivars with white variegated leaves (like ‘Stuttgart') will need partial shade in most locations to avoid burning the white part of the leaves. Cannas will survive in a shady site, but they will not grow as profusely and the leaves (especially red or purple) may lose their color. Soil Cannas prefer rich, water-retentive, well-drained soils that are high in organic matter but will do fine in a wide range of soils. They prefer a pH around 6.5. Some cultivars have been bred to grow partially submerged in water in saturated soils. Water Because Cannas are native plants to moist locations around the world they like to have plenty of water during the growing season. If they are planted in a nice moisture retentive garden soil, then a deep watering applied once or twice per week will suffice. In containers, daily or even twice-daily waterings may be necessary. One class of Cannas are called the aquatic group or ‘water cannas'. These can survive well as marginals that are submerged in shallow pools of water. Fertilizer Cannas are heavy feeders. Gardeners need to provide plenty of compost or synthetic fertilizers to keep their plants looking best. The best time to feed Cannas is in the spring and summer. Withold fertilizer in the fall so that the plants can prepare for winter dormancy. If your cannas look ratty during the summer, that's a sure sign that an extra shovel of manure is required. You can cut ragged plants to the ground even in mid-summer, add fertilizer, water, and they will recover. Here at Plant Delights Nursery, we use Plant tone and apply it once in the spring and once in mid-summer. Pruning Canna stems will not need to be pruned during the growing season. However, if your plants are attacked by swarms of bugs, run over, or just look bad, you can cut them to the ground, fertilize the roots and they will reappear with no problems. Cannas should be cut back in the fall after the first killing frost. Canna flowers should be dead-headed to re-direct the plants' energy to the new flowers and ensure a continuous bloom. Gardeners should take care not to damage the growing inforescence spike when pruning. Some cultivars of Canna are self-cleaning and will drop their spent flowers. The main flower spike will eventually exhaust itself and cen be removed down to the next side shoot. A secondary (and smaller) inforescence may appear there. Container growing Cannas are large plants and therefore need a large container. Any good potting soil will work fine. The plants will lose vigor as they become pot-bound. When that happens, lift the root-ball, divide the rhizomes and replant. Cannas are hungry and thirsty plants. Container-grown Cannas will need watering once or even twice a day if grown outside. It may help to stand the pot in a saucer of water. Feed your Canna with a granular or water soluble fertilizer at full rate according to the instructions on the label.
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